Breast plastic surgery for benign tumors is the key to women’s health and beauty!

The mammary gland is a distinctive feature of an entire zoological class - the class of mammals.

From the birth of a child to the later years of life, the mammary gland changes its appearance many times - starting with a small bud, it goes through its exciting heyday and ends its life in fading calm.

The mammary glands begin to form in the 6th week of intrauterine life. From the moment of birth until puberty, the ducts in the mammary glands lengthen and the nipples enlarge. During puberty, rapid lengthening and branching of the ducts, formation of glandular lobules, and changes in the morphological structure of the mammary gland occur. Connective tissue forms 2 zones: intercellular and interlobar (supporting lobes), subject to hormonal influences. After full puberty, the mammary gland stops developing until the second trimester of the first pregnancy. Thus, from puberty until the end of the first pregnancy, the epithelium of the mammary glands is immature, it is not able to respond to its own circulating progesterone, and this becomes a risk factor in the development of breast cancer.

The mammary gland is extremely dependent on the cyclical physiological processes of the body. In practice, the mammary gland is never at rest, regardless of the woman’s age. Constant variability in the structure of the mammary gland, sensitivity to sex hormones, thyroid hormones, dependence on sexual comfort and the state of the emotional status of a woman, lead to the frequent occurrence of dysplastic processes in this gland, which are most often combined with the term mastopathy or fibrocystic disease.

Mastopathy or fibrocystic disease is a general name for benign changes in the mammary glands, which differ greatly in anatomical features, clinical manifestations and the danger of malignancy, which forces us to consider mastopathy as a precancerous disease.

Causes of the disease

There are a huge number of reasons for the occurrence of pathology. The main ones are:

Stressful situations that are present in the life of every woman (dissatisfaction with their marital status, as well as their position in society, domestic conflicts, conflict situations at work) since any stress is accompanied by various functional disorders of the neuroendocrine system.
Factors of a sexual nature.
Reproductive factors (number of pregnancies, births, abortions, age at pregnancy and childbirth, duration of lactation, time of first menstruation and menopause, etc.).
Gynecological diseases and, first of all, inflammatory processes in the pelvis.
Endocrine disorders (thyroid dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes mellitus types 1 and 20, etc.). Pathological processes in the liver and bile ducts. Hereditary (genetic) predisposition.

Causes of mastopathy

WHO considers the cause of mastopathy or fibroadenomotosis dishormonal changes that can occur with:

disruption of hormone synthesis during an unstable menstrual cycle
for problems with the thyroid gland
in case of metabolic disorders with excess body weight (adipose tissue itself synthesizes estrogens - ovarian hormones of the first phase of the cycle).
late birth and short duration of breastfeeding.

WHO does not consider options for dishormonal changes due to consumption of cheap foods with hormones - broiler meat, animals and fish that received hormonal growth stimulants; animal tissues with a high content of endogenous hormones - udder, adipose tissue, uterus, ovaries, milk - which are not thrown away, but processed and used for the manufacture of cheap semi-finished products. A number of plant products contain substances that are not actually hormones, but which our body perceives as hormones - hops in beer, soy, palm oil components. When consumed regularly, they can also cause dishormonal changes and provoke not only mastopathy.

Normally, a passage of secretion occurs in the mammary gland: hormones of the corpus luteum - phase II of the cycle initiate the proliferation of cells of the mammary gland lobules (which secrete milk during feeding) - as preparation for a possible pregnancy - without pregnancy, their regression occurs. The cells of the lobules die and the products of their death move along the ducts towards the nipple, where what is left of them is absorbed in the sinuses. In mastopathy, due to dishormonal changes, the process of proliferation in the lobules is more pronounced. As a result, more regression products of these cells appear, which form clusters (cysts). Severe regression promotes aseptic inflammation and the formation of connective tissue. With a deficiency of vitamins A, E and D, rough scar tissue forms at the site of regression, disrupting the movement of secretions and aggravating the problem in subsequent cycles.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding help normalize the condition of the mammary glands, while abortion provokes a non-physiological hormonal shock to the mammary gland tissue.

The synthesis of all hormones occurs mainly at night from 23:00 to 3:00, provided that the person is already sleeping at this time. For this process to occur normally, you need to go to bed after 10:00 p.m. It is believed that this process is also negatively affected by excessive lighting. At night, during sleep, all the damage that happened to the body during the day is restored. Lack of sleep and light pollution from artificial lighting disrupt the natural process of hormone synthesis and body restoration, causing illness.

Also, excess Na+ content also contributes to fluid retention in the body. Each sodium ion can hold up to 4 water molecules. Sodium ions are part of sodium glutamate (a flavor enhancer - a food additive for cheap food) and salt (NaCl), which is found in abundance in processed foods, sauces and seasonings.

Symptoms of mastopathy

For mastopathy, the most typical complaints are:

breast tenderness,
a feeling of increasing their volume,
engorgement and swelling of the glands,
the presence of clear or colostrum-like fluid discharge from the nipples of the mammary glands.

Pain may radiate to the armpits, shoulder and shoulder blade. The most common is a combination of symptoms of mastopathy and premenstrual syndrome. The main complaints in these conditions are: headache (often migraine-type), swelling of the face and limbs, nausea, less often vomiting, impaired bowel function, flatulence. With the neuropsychic form of premenstrual syndrome, complaints such as irritability, depression, weakness, tearfulness and aggressiveness may be associated. Difficulties in determining the cause of pain are due to the fact that pain can occur not only with pathology of the mammary gland, but also with cervicothoracic osteochondrosis, radiculoneuritis, intercostal neuralgia and is eliminated with appropriate therapy.

Basics of rehabilitation after mammoplasty against the background of mastopathy

The operation itself and the early recovery period are no different from the standard ones. For a month, physical activity is limited, constant wearing of a bandage and careful adherence to personal hygiene rules are recommended. After surgery, you may experience periodic pain or discomfort in the breast area. Most often, these symptoms are associated with existing mastopathy and do not depend in any way on the mammoplasty performed.

Some plastic surgeons note that patients with fibrocystic mastopathy have a higher risk of a specific complication - capsular contracture. Its occurrence is associated with the growth of coarse fibrous tissue around the implant capsule and subsequent deformation of the breast. The appearance of capsular contracture is a predictable process, directly related to the degree of connective tissue changes and structural features of the patient’s breast. In case of severe fibrous growths in the breast tissue, it is recommended to refuse mammoplasty.

What forms can fibrocystic disease have?

Most often, mastopathy is diffuse in nature and manifests itself:

predominance of the glandular component (edema, proliferation of glandular tissue) - the most favorable form;
the predominance of the fibrous component (swelling, enlargement of interlobular connective tissue septa, their pressure on the surrounding tissue, narrowing of the lumen of the ducts, up to their complete fusion;
the predominance of the cystic component (the presence of one or more elastic cavities filled with liquid contents, clearly demarcated from the surrounding tissues of the gland);
mixed form (increased number of glandular lobules, proliferation of connective tissue interlobar septa).

A less favorable form of mastopathy is nodular. In this form, as a rule, against the background of the changes described above, there is the presence of one or more nodes, most often representing an adenoma or fibroadenoma.

Fibroadenoma is a fairly common benign tumor of the mammary glands. Occurs at any age, but more often in 20-40 years. In some cases, especially in adolescents, fibroadenomas can grow quickly and reach significant sizes (up to 10-15 cm). According to various authors, the degeneration of benign fibroadenoma into a malignant breast tumor occurs in 1.5-2%.

Also, the nodular form can be represented by atypical hyperplasia (proliferation of glandular tissue). The percentage of degeneration of this nodular formation increases to 20%.

It is also worth recalling a very special manifestation of mastopathy - bloody discharge from the nipple of the mammary gland. As a rule, the cause of such discharge is an intraductal formation (papilloma), which can ulcerate and bleed. Such symptoms should be a serious cause for concern for a woman and promptly seek medical help.

One operation or two consecutive?

Before undergoing surgery, the patient is given a complete diagnosis of the body’s condition, the presence of allergies and various diseases is identified. As a result of a thorough examination of the mammary glands, many women first learn that they have a fibroadenoma, cyst, or other type of benign tumor. The tumor must be removed in any case, but what about aesthetics? Many doctors suggest separating tumor removal and cosmetic surgery, but this is by no means the only best choice.

In such a large and well-equipped center as ours, it is possible to solve both problems at a high level during one surgical intervention. This saves the patient time and finances, makes it easier to cope with the emotional stress of the operation and eliminates the risk of unnecessary incisions and unsightly scars on the chest. After all, plastic surgeons always pay special attention to ensuring that no noticeable traces of surgery remain on the body.

Diagnosis of mastopathy

Necessary examination methods that a woman should receive when visiting a mammologist:

examination and manual examination of the mammary glands, examination of the axillary, subclavian, cervical lymph nodes;
Ultrasound of the mammary glands and lymph nodes;
x-ray mammography (all women over 40 years of age);
blood tests (general analysis, biochemical study, hormonal status, tumor markers);
when cysts are detected, puncture them with cytological examination of the contents;
when a nodular formation is detected, cells are collected from the formation using a needle and syringe for cytological examination.

Treatment of mastopathy

The treatment regimen for mastopathy should be selected individually for each woman. When prescribing a regimen, the reasons for the development of mastopathy, examination data, and changes in blood tests should be taken into account. If necessary, a woman should consult such specialists as a neurologist, gynecologist, endocrinologist, or therapist. Also, according to the doctor’s decision, if a nodular formation is identified, surgical treatment can be performed in the oncology department with histological examination of the removed area of the mammary gland.

In her life, almost every woman has at least once felt pain, discomfort in the mammary glands, or independently discovered a lump in the mammary gland. In such a situation, each woman behaves differently. One goes to a mammologist or oncologist, explains the sensations that are troubling her, undergoes an examination and, in the future, either receives a course of treatment or simply receives recommendations on self-examination and the frequency of visits to the mammologist. The other suffers pain, is tormented by doubts, and every time she hears from friends or acquaintances about a cancerous tumor, she thinks, “after all, not everything is all right with me either,” but due to her own fear of hearing a terrible diagnosis or simply from the eternal “not up to herself” continues to put off visiting the doctor.

You can find out more about the work of the hospital by calling +7 (495) 292-39-72.

Breast correction and fibroadenoma

What breast implants do we offer?

Wondering how to enlarge breasts without surgery and studying and even trying different techniques, many women come to the conclusion that this is impossible. This is why many people decide to undergo augmentation mammoplasty, which allows them to achieve a bright and long-lasting effect. The operation can also be performed in the presence of fibroadenoma. The implant is not placed in the glandular tissue, but under it or under the pectoral muscles, which eliminates its contact with the area affected by the tumor.

Breast plastic surgery allows you to achieve excellent results even after fibroadenoma removal. Thanks to it, you can adjust the shape and volume of the mammary glands and improve their appearance. If necessary, removal of fibroadenoma can be carried out after installation of implants. There is another option: a one-step operation to remove and install implants. There are cases when fibroadenoma appears again some time after removal. This has nothing to do with the presence of implants. Modern implants are absolutely safe: they do not provoke the development of fibroadenoma and do not aggravate mastopathy. Thus, the installation of breast implants is possible for fibroadenoma and will not lead to its complications.