Trichloroacetic acid. Peeling with trichloroacetic acid: reviews and results

Trichloroacetic acid

CCl3COOH is a fully halogenated (at the methyl group) analogue of acetic acid, in which 3 hydrogen atoms of the methyl group are completely replaced by chlorine atoms.

Properties

Physical properties

Trichloroacetic acid is colorless, hygroscopic crystals existing in τ- and β-crystalline forms. It has a specific vinegary unpleasant odor. Highly soluble in water.

Chemical properties

In aqueous solutions it is a strong monobasic acid, pKa = 1.66 (25 °C, water). Forms salts with inorganic bases, and forms esters with alcohols. At the chlorine atom it undergoes nucleophilic substitution reactions similar to those of mono- and dichloroacetic acids. Salts of trichloroacetic acid are called trichloroacetates.

Easily decarboxylated, when heated with alkalis and amines it forms chloroform.

Receipt

Obtained by synthesis by the reaction of chlorine with acetic acid in the presence of a catalyst:

\mathsf{CH_3COOH + 3Cl_2 \rightarrow CCl_3COOH + 3HCl}

In industry, trichloroacetic acid is synthesized by the reaction of chloral with 42% nitric acid at a temperature of 60-65 °C, oxidation of tetrachlorethylene, and oxidation of chloral with calcium hypochlorite.

Use [edit]

It is widely used in biochemistry to precipitate macromolecules such as proteins, DNA and RNA. TC and ACNO are both used in cosmetic procedures (such as chemical peels and tattoo removal) and as a topical chemoablation drug for warts, including genital warts. It can also kill normal cells. It is considered safe to use for this purpose during pregnancy. [4] [5] Sodium salt (sodium trichloroacetate) has been used as a herbicide since the 1950s, but regulators removed it from the market in the late 1980s and early 1990s. [6] [7] [8] [9]

Links

• Chemical Encyclopedia / Editorial Board: Zefirov N.S. and others. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1998. - T. 5 (Tri-Yatr). — 783 p. — ISBN 5-85270-310-9.

Precautionary measures

Be sure to do a test application. Before peeling with trichloroacetic acid, reviews of which can be read in this article below, dip a cotton swab in the prepared solution, then apply to a small area of ​​skin. This way you can make sure there are no reactions or side effects.

More layers in a short period of time will not bring any benefit. Remember! This is a toxic, aggressive and highly active substance.

Avoid contact of the prepared solution with the mucous membranes of the mouth or eyes. Do not perform the trichloroacetic peeling procedure if you are not confident in your abilities.

The consequences of incorrect use of the product at home can be very serious. There is a high probability of getting intoxication, chemical burns, infection, and skin injury.

After completing the procedure, be sure to moisturize the skin with cream, and also take an antiviral drug that will eliminate the possibility of infection with herpes.

You should take precautions and carefully monitor the order in which the solution is applied. This must be done according to the attached instructions. Follow the acid application schedule exactly.

Excerpt characterizing Trichloroacetic acid

Prince Andrei, who, to complete the trophy of the captives, was also put forward, in full view of the emperor, could not help but attract his attention. Napoleon apparently remembered that he had seen him on the field and, addressing him, used the same name of the young man - jeune homme, under which Bolkonsky was reflected in his memory for the first time. – Et vous, jeune homme? Well, what about you, young man? - he turned to him, - how do you feel, mon brave? Despite the fact that five minutes before this, Prince Andrei could say a few words to the soldiers carrying him, he now, directly fixing his eyes on Napoleon, was silent... All the interests that occupied Napoleon seemed so insignificant to him at that moment, so petty seemed to him his hero himself, with this petty vanity and joy of victory, in comparison with that high, fair and kind sky that he saw and understood - that he could not answer him. And everything seemed so useless and insignificant in comparison with the strict and majestic structure of thought that was caused in him by the weakening of his strength from the bleeding, suffering and the imminent expectation of death. Looking into the eyes of Napoleon, Prince Andrei thought about the insignificance of greatness, about the insignificance of life, the meaning of which no one could understand, and about the even greater insignificance of death, the meaning of which no one living could understand and explain. The emperor, without waiting for an answer, turned away and, driving away, turned to one of the commanders: “Let them take care of these gentlemen and take them to my bivouac; let my doctor Larrey examine their wounds. Goodbye, Prince Repnin,” and he, moving his horse, galloped on. There was a radiance of self-satisfaction and happiness on his face. The soldiers who brought Prince Andrei and removed from him the golden icon they found, hung on his brother by Princess Marya, seeing the kindness with which the emperor treated the prisoners, hastened to return the icon. Prince Andrei did not see who put it on again or how, but on his chest, above his uniform, suddenly there was an icon on a small gold chain. “It would be good,” thought Prince Andrei, looking at this icon, which his sister hung on him with such feeling and reverence, “it would be good if everything were as clear and simple as it seems to Princess Marya. How nice it would be to know where to look for help in this life and what to expect after it, there, beyond the grave! How happy and calm I would be if I could now say: Lord, have mercy on me!... But to whom will I say this? Either the power is indefinite, incomprehensible, which I not only cannot address, but which I cannot express in words - the great all or nothing, - he said to himself, - or this is the God who is sewn up here, in this palm, Princess Marya? Nothing, nothing is true, except the insignificance of everything that is clear to me, and the greatness of something incomprehensible, but most important! The stretcher started moving. With each push he again felt unbearable pain; the feverish state intensified, and he began to become delirious. Those dreams of his father, wife, sister and future son and the tenderness that he experienced on the night before the battle, the figure of the small, insignificant Napoleon and the high sky above all this, formed the main basis of his feverish ideas. A quiet life and calm family happiness in Bald Mountains seemed to him. He was already enjoying this happiness when suddenly little Napoleon appeared with his indifferent, limited and happy look at the misfortune of others, and doubts and torment began, and only the sky promised peace. By morning, all the dreams mixed up and merged into the chaos and darkness of unconsciousness and oblivion, which, in the opinion of Larrey himself, Doctor Napoleon, were much more likely to be resolved by death than by recovery. “C’est un sujet nerveux et bilieux,” said Larrey, “il n’en rechappera pas.” [This is a nervous and bilious man, he will not recover.] Prince Andrei, among other hopeless wounded, was handed over to the care of the residents. At the beginning of 1806, Nikolai Rostov returned on vacation. Denisov was also going home to Voronezh, and Rostov persuaded him to go with him to Moscow and stay in their house. At the penultimate station, having met a comrade, Denisov drank three bottles of wine with him and, approaching Moscow, despite the potholes of the road, he did not wake up, lying at the bottom of the relay sleigh, near Rostov, which, as it approached Moscow, came more and more to impatience. “Is it soon? Soon? Oh, these unbearable streets, shops, rolls, lanterns, cab drivers!” thought Rostov, when they had already signed up for their holidays at the outpost and entered Moscow. - Denisov, we’ve arrived! Sleeping! - he said, leaning forward with his whole body, as if by this position he hoped to speed up the movement of the sleigh. Denisov did not respond. “Here is the corner of the intersection where Zakhar the cabman stands; Here he is Zakhar, and still the same horse. Here is the shop where they bought gingerbread. Soon? Well! - To which house? - asked the coachman. - Yes, over there at the end, how can you not see! This is our home,” said Rostov, “after all, this is our home!” Denisov! Denisov! We'll come now. Denisov raised his head, cleared his throat and did not answer. “Dmitry,” Rostov turned to the footman in the irradiation room. - After all, this is our fire? “That’s exactly how daddy’s office is lit up.” – Haven’t gone to bed yet? A? How do you think? “Don’t forget to get me a new Hungarian at once,” Rostov added, feeling the new mustache. “Come on, let’s go,” he shouted to the coachman. “Wake up, Vasya,” he turned to Denisov, who lowered his head again. - Come on, let's go, three rubles for vodka, let's go! - Rostov shouted when the sleigh was already three houses away from the entrance. It seemed to him that the horses were not moving. Finally the sleigh took to the right towards the entrance; Above his head, Rostov saw a familiar cornice with chipped plaster, a porch, a sidewalk pillar. He jumped out of the sleigh as he walked and ran into the hallway. The house also stood motionless, unwelcoming, as if it did not care about who came to it. There was no one in the hallway. "My God! is everything alright? thought Rostov, stopping for a minute with a sinking heart and immediately starting to run further along the entryway and familiar, crooked steps. The same door handle of the castle, for the uncleanness of which the countess was angry, also opened weakly. One tallow candle was burning in the hallway. Old man Mikhail was sleeping on the chest. Prokofy, the traveling footman, the one who was so strong that he could lift the carriage by the back, sat and knitted bast shoes from the edges. He looked at the opened door, and his indifferent, sleepy expression suddenly transformed into an enthusiastically frightened one. - Fathers, lights! Young Count! – he cried out, recognizing the young master. - What is this? My darling! - And Prokofy, shaking with excitement, rushed to the door to the living room, probably to make an announcement, but apparently changed his mind again, returned back and fell on the young master’s shoulder.

How is the TCA peel procedure performed?

The TCA peel procedure is quite sensitive. When applied to the skin, a fairly intense burning sensation occurs after 1-2 minutes, but it passes quickly. Then the so-called “frost” forms on the skin - a white coating consisting of coagulated upper layers of the epidermis. It is practically invisible and easily washed off. TCA peeling may not be accompanied by any redness, so the patient does not observe any changes in the skin immediately after the procedure. However, a pronounced vascular reaction and slight swelling are also possible and depend on the individual characteristics of the skin. 2-3 days after the procedure, a dark crust forms in the peeling area, which completely disappears within 5-7 days. Young skin after the crust has peeled off is pink; over the course of several days it gradually acquires its normal color. It is very important to use sunscreen or avoid sun exposure altogether for at least two weeks to prevent pigmentation from forming in the peeling area.

Rules of behavior after the procedure:

• avoid thermal procedures (sauna, steam bath, hot shower) for 2 weeks after the procedure
• Avoid skin exposure to sunlight and use SPF 50 sunscreen
• Gently cleanse the skin; in case of severe tightness, use light moisturizers
• try to avoid strong tension and activity of the facial muscles, as this can lead to cracking of the crust and longer healing

The recommended course of TCA is 15%, 25%, 35% from 1 to 5 procedures, once every 1.5 - 2 months.