How to choose the first bra for a teenage girl?

Features of breast structure with micromastia

With a very small breast size, the typical cone-shaped gland does not form; only the areolas and nipples can be contoured.
Such a pathology can only be determined after adulthood, since by this period the breasts stop growing and forming. Micromastia affects up to 35% of women of childbearing age. An extreme variant of the pathology is also possible - amastia - almost complete atrophy of the mammary glands, in which there are not even rudiments of glandular tissue in the breast. But this is extremely rare.

Developmental anomalies

In rare cases, the cause of slow breast growth or complete lack of growth is disturbances in the structure of this organ in the embryonic period. Many organs have common rudiments, which either originate from the same embryonic tissue or appear under the influence of the same type of influence. When one organ is abnormal, changes may occur in other organs. Therefore, congenital breast malformations, which are not life-threatening and are a cosmetic defect, can be supplemented by anomalies in the kidneys and reproductive organs. Disturbances from other systems and organs are sometimes asymptomatic, but in some cases require surgical correction.

Atelia and amastia

If a girl does not have one breast, it may be because she was born with a breast deficiency. This condition is called amastia. Sometimes the disease is bilateral. Atelia is the absence of one or two nipples. The causes of the pathology have not been studied. However, it is assumed that during embryonic development there was a pronounced androgenic effect, which led to the resorption of tissue of the future mammary gland.

Treatment is carried out only by surgery. It should not be performed until the age of 17, and in some cases doctors recommend waiting until age 21. If the second breast is preserved, plastic surgery is based on its size, shape and location.

The operation is performed using the patient's own tissue. The mammary gland is formed from the lobe of the transverse abdominal muscle. If this is not enough, a silicone prosthesis is installed. For girls with a very slender physique, only implants are used. To do this, the skin is first stretched by inserting a small prosthesis.

The results are initially very good. However, age-related changes in the breasts affect symmetry (if plastic surgery was only on one side). Therefore, corrective intervention may be required over time.

Nipple reconstruction is also performed surgically. This is just a cosmetic correction of the defect. After birth, the baby should not be fed from this breast. For reconstruction, various types of transverse incisions are used in the area of ​​the future nipple. The opposite nipple is usually too large so its tissue can be used during surgery, or the new nipple is a flap of skin taken from the thigh.

Surgery to recreate the areola and nipple is often combined with tattooing the area to imitate the desired color of the tissue.

Hypoplasia

This condition is the result of underdevelopment of the mammary gland. When assessed from the outside, its parameters do not fit into the minimum volume of 250 ml. However, it is worth considering the girl’s posture, general body type and build. Often the diagnosis of hypoplasia is subjective and based on the opinion of the patient, her parents, partner or doctor.

When implanting prostheses, strict indications should be observed, because hypoplasia is a variant of individual development, and not an anomaly.

In some cases, temporary breast enlargement can be achieved through hormonal treatment. For this purpose, estrogen injections are used in combination with hydroxyprogesterone. Under the influence of hormonal treatment, you can get a 30% increase in volume. However, after the end of therapy, this size returns to the original size.

Hormonal therapy should not be used between the ages of 12 and 14 years, when active growth is occurring. High doses of estrogen lead to premature ossification of the epiphyses, and growth in length stops. This procedure may be performed before prosthetic implants are implanted to assess whether it is necessary or can be avoided.

The optimal age for surgical correction is after 21 years. This is not only a time of full physical maturity. Mentally mature girls in old age are able to objectively assess their appearance and do not depend on the opinions of other people about undergoing surgery.

Tubular glands

In very rare cases, breast growth stops at some stage, but takes the form of a tube. In this case, the glandular tissue is located only in the area under the nipple, which explains this appearance. This anomaly is bilateral. This cannot be corrected spontaneously.

The causes of tubular proliferation are unknown. According to the Turner classification, the oil seal corresponds to B4.

Treatment is surgical after reaching full puberty. It is not always possible to achieve good cosmetic results through surgery. Different doctors use different methods:

• Installation of silicone implants;
• Reducing the size of the areola, which optically smoothes out the irregular shape of the gland;
• Plastic surgery of own tissues taken from the rectus abdominis muscle.

However, the use of transplants does not always provide a good cosmetic effect. Sometimes scar tissue can distort the appearance, sometimes the scars are very noticeable.

In some cases, it may be helpful to wear special shapewear before puberty, which can affect the shape of the developing gland.

Asymmetry of development

Typically, the left and right halves of the human body are not completely symmetrical. In women, the left gland is often slightly larger than the right one. The difference in volume up to 50 ml is almost indistinguishable visually. If the difference in volume is more significant, the IT ratio and the desire to correct it is subjective. It depends on the girl’s self-esteem, her own perception of her body.

Asymmetry of the nipple glands

A significant difference in volume leads to uneven loading of the skeleton, which is an absolute indication for surgery. Otherwise, wait until you're 21.

The choice of surgical treatment depends on the size of the outlet of each breast. If one breast is significantly larger than the other, he resorts to reducing it to a comparable size to the opposite side.

If one breast is a hipoplasty, an implant is implanted. This method allows you to preserve the functions of the mammary gland.

Poland syndrome

Sometimes congenital anomalies are a combination of several diseases. Polda's team is a unilateral hypoplasia of the gland and nipple with disorders of their pigmentation. Additional changes on other organs:

• Larger muscular applause is larger;
• Symbachidal, complete or partial congenital catching of the arms or legs, observed on the same side as the nipples;
• APLASA kidneys on the same side - the organ is presented as an unresolved embryo.

Correction of diseases is carried out surgically. In order to equalize the size of the nipples, silicone prostheses are used. As far as possible, other developmental irregularities are also corrected.

In a funky-shaped chest, there is a decrease in the size of the nipple gland. This pathology rarely causes lung or heart dysfunction and is often only cosmetic. Therefore, in most cases it is sufficient to fill the damaged part of the breast with the patient’s own tissue or artificial materials. However, in 5% of cases, doctors must resort to the chest skeleton of the chest.

Reducing breast size is not always a pathology. Sometimes impaired perception of your own body does not require surgery. In such cases, girls, especially at an age when surgery is not yet possible, need to undergo a series of sessions with a psychologist or psychotherapist to learn how to perceive their reflection in the mirror.

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Types of micromastia

Usually, small breast size only brings aesthetic inconvenience to a woman. From a functional point of view, mammary glands of any size produce a sufficient amount of breast milk during lactation. In addition, breasts increase significantly during pregnancy and lactation. There are several types of micromastia in women:

• bilateral - both mammary glands are equally small in size, there is no pronounced asymmetry;
• unilateral - with this form of pathology, one mammary gland has a normal size and shape, and the second is significantly reduced.

There are complex forms of micromastia, when both breasts are reduced, but the degree of their development is different.

Bust size

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Normal breast development

When a girl enters puberty and becomes a girl, her mammary glands begin to form. This occurs at approximately 10-12 years of age under the influence of hormonal changes. The main hormone responsible for secondary sexual characteristics, incl. for the development of mammary glands - estrogen. The nipples of the mammary glands increase slightly in size, the areola - the areola - swells and protrudes slightly, the fatty tissue of the mammary gland is actively developing, the gland acquires more convex volumes, and the nipple rises. Over time, the areolas become rounded, and the nipples acquire darker pigmentation compared to skin color.

During the process of formation, the mammary glands may have unequal sizes, but normally it is almost impossible to notice this with the naked eye. During puberty, a woman's breasts increase and decrease slightly; the same process can occur during pregnancy. If a woman gains weight, the size of the mammary glands also increases, because... at least half of the volume of the mammary gland is adipose tissue and, of course, such changes cannot but affect it.

If the mammary glands enlarge too quickly, stretch marks may appear on the skin - stretch marks. In addition, during pregnancy, the mammary glands may become denser to the touch. The reason for this condition is hypertrophy of the mammary glands, and this occurs due to the influence of the hormone prolactin, which is responsible for the normal course of pregnancy. The size of the breast nipples increases during this period, they acquire darker pigmentation. The mammary glands continue to develop until the age of 20-23, and slight changes may occur during pregnancy.

Until the very end of the lactation period, the size of the mammary glands practically returns to its previous size, however, stretch marks may remain on the surface of the skin, in addition, the breasts themselves may sag a little due to feeding. The size of the mammary glands also changes depending on the menstrual cycle, which is associated with water retention in the body. Very often, the cause of an increase in breast size is the use of hormone-containing oral contraceptives. At a more mature age, Cooper's ligaments - an anatomical formation, which is the fibers of connective tissue that support the mammary gland - are stretched, and therefore the mammary glands also become stretched and take on a sac-like shape.

It is impossible to avoid this without resorting to surgery, but you can strengthen the ligaments and pectoral muscles with the help of special physical exercises in such a way that it will allow you to maintain the shape of your breasts for a while. These are mainly exercises used by breaststroke swimmers - arm strokes to strengthen the pectoral muscles. They can either be performed at home with loads, or practiced on special simulators.

It must be remembered that the size of a woman’s breasts is directly dictated by the level of sex hormones. In adolescence, during puberty, rapid hormonal fluctuations occur, ovarian dysfunction, cycle disorders, etc. often occur. If hormonal balance is not established before the end of the cycle, breast tissue will not develop normally. The girl should pay close attention to the development of her breasts during this period and in case of any violations, be sure to contact a gynecologist-endocrinologist. The doctor will conduct an examination and prescribe hormone-correcting therapy to stabilize hormonal levels and normal development of the mammary glands.

Deviations from the norm in the development of the mammary gland

As a rule, at the age of 15-17 years the breast is already formed to a greater extent and, if the glandular tissue is not palpable, the doctor speaks of mammary gland hypoplasia - underdevelopment of the breast. This abnormality is corrected using augmentation mammoplasty using implants. Although this operation is not very difficult for an experienced surgeon, you should prepare for it with all care - undergo an examination, select a competent specialist. The diametrically opposite pathology - gigantomastia (macromastia) - is the development of the mammary glands to enormous sizes - causes a woman not only moral, but also physical suffering, because “carrying” breasts of such a large size is a very difficult ordeal. These anomalies are quite rare and even less often they are pronounced.

An extremely rare anomaly is amastia - the congenital absence of mammary glands. This anomaly develops in utero, at approximately 6 weeks of pregnancy, when the formation of the mammary glands occurs. The cause may be some adverse effect on the mother's body, possibly an infection or virus. Amastia involves the complete absence of breast tissue and nipple. A woman with amastia cannot become pregnant, because, most likely, there are very serious problems in the reproductive system, and accordingly, she cannot lactation. Plastic surgery in this case can only eliminate the external defect. Micromastia, in the absence of amastia, is a discrepancy between the size of the breast and the biological age of the woman, the breasts are too small. The problem can also be corrected with mammoplasty.

Much more often in the practice of mammologists and aesthetic surgeons, we encounter such anomalies in the development of the mammary glands as asymmetry - when the left and right breasts have different sizes, and this is quite noticeable. However, such an anomaly is, as a rule, only an aesthetic defect, without having any effect on the woman’s health, pregnancy and lactation. In most cases, such asymmetry is not significant and can be disguised with the right bra, underwear and clothing. However, if a woman is very worried about asymmetry, and the anomaly itself is pronounced, you can also resort to breast replacement.

Such anomalies of the development of the mammary glands as monomastia - one-sided absence of the mammary gland and anisomastia - compensatory hyperplasia of one mammary gland with aplasia of the first (one mammary gland is too developed, while the second is underdeveloped or not developed at all) - can also be corrected with the help of a plastic surgeon. Polymastia (accessory mammary glands) can most often be localized in the axillary fossa. In the premenstrual period, during pregnancy and lactation, they swell, become painful, and dishormonal hyperplasia, benign and malignant tumors develop in them. Treatment is surgical only.

There is also such an anomaly as mastoptosis - prolapse of the mammary glands. As a rule, this is a problem for overweight women; in case of sudden loss of a large amount of excess weight, the main reason is loss of tissue elasticity, pregnancy and lactation. Ptosis may be accompanied by circulatory disorders, lymphostasis and edema, thinning of the skin in the folds under the mammary gland. Depending on the degree of mastoptosis (there are 4 of them according to the generally accepted world classification), it is recommended to wear loose, comfortable underwear according to individual measurements. Plastic surgery with endoprosthetics will help young women.

Very often, abnormalities in the development of the mammary gland can be accompanied by discomfort before menstruation, painful sensations, pain in the lower abdomen, lower back, mammary glands, etc. In any case, this is not a problem; most likely, we are talking about hormonal disorders, premenstrual syndrome, mastopathy or other diseases. In any case, a woman should see a doctor, undergo a thorough examination, visit specialized doctors, in particular, a gynecologist-endocrinologist, neurologist, therapist, etc., and receive individual treatment if necessary. This will not only protect her from further health problems, but will also help her get pregnant safely and carry the pregnancy to term if she wants to have children.

If a woman is indicated for plastic surgery (in any case, the solution to this issue must be left to a highly qualified medical specialist), a complete thorough examination is necessary, which can be completed in the clinic around the clock, at any time of the day or night, any day of the week.

Before any operation to change the shape and size of the breast, you will definitely need a comprehensive mammological examination, including mammography, ultrasound of the mammary glands, clinical and laboratory examination - study of hormonal levels (sex hormones, pituitary, thyroid hormones), tumor markers, clinical blood and urine tests, hemostasiogram (study of the blood coagulation system) and other tests. The clinic has at its disposal its own laboratory analytical base, which allows it to make samples quickly and efficiently and immediately send them for research. Our laboratory also provides an express testing service - you can get your test results in half the time required!

For a long time, our clinic has been cooperating with the Institute of Plastic Surgery on Tsvetnoy Boulevard, where high-class surgeons work, and all surgical interventions are performed using modern equipment from European manufacturers, taking into account all the requirements of the WHO and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. This is why we recommend that our patients contact the doctors of this clinic - you can be sure that the plastic surgeons of the Institute are real wizards!

After the operation, you can undergo a special rehabilitation course of therapy in our clinic, which includes a wide range of antihomotoxicological drugs, which are environmentally friendly products, created without the use of chemically synthesized components, as a result of which your body is not intoxicated, and the active substances of antihomotoxicological drugs are removed from the body without a trace. your body naturally. Clinical data on the health status of patients who underwent surgery to change the shape and size of the breasts showed that the adaptive mechanisms of the body are restored much faster in those patients who underwent rehabilitation therapy. The return to the previous way of life is faster and easier, which cannot but please a woman who has changed not only her breasts, but also her way of thinking.

We will be happy to provide you with advisory and diagnostic assistance! Call us today, and we will be happy to invite you for an examination and give you a consultation opinion regarding the need for surgery on the mammary glands. Only in our clinic - expert opinion from professionals!

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Causes of small breasts

Often the answer to the question of why a woman has small breast size lies in the constitutional characteristics of the body. Short and asthenic women usually have small breasts, although exceptions are possible. Causes of micromastia:

• genetic predisposition to underdevelopment of glandular tissue of the mammary glands;
• a sharp decrease in the production of sex hormones by the ovaries during puberty due to severe somatic, infectious or endocrine disorders;
• surgical interventions on the pelvic organs and ovaries, in the mammary glands during childhood or adolescence;
• excess male sex hormones (androgens and especially testosterone) in a woman’s body;
• pronounced weight loss.

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Stages of breast development

Prenatal period

In the prenatal period, the formation of the mammary gland begins at week 5, when the size of the fetus does not exceed 7 mm. During this time, two folds of epithelium are formed along the body - nipple lines. During normal development, these folds create layers of future gland cells and gradually disappear in other parts of the body. If during this period the embryo is exposed to unfavorable factors, this disrupts the retrograde development of the mammary line, which causes the development of additional mammary glands.

The rest of the epithelium forms the point of the nipple. Gradually, the epithelium grows inward, and it peels off from the surface of the future breast. These processes lead to the formation of the first milk ducts. By the 24th week of pregnancy, gaps and small, fluid-filled, baggy expansions form in the gland ducts. By the time of birth, the girl should have clearly visible and correctly positioned nipples.

The intrauterine development of mammary gland embryos occurs under the influence of sex hormones. This occurs only in female fetuses. In boys, this process does not occur under the influence of androgens synthesized by the testes. If the mother's testosterone concentration increases for any reason during pregnancy, this will lead to disruption of the development of the female breast.

But the other extreme is also dangerous. Too high concentrations of estrogen also lead to abnormal breast development: amastia, micro- and coilomastia.

In animal experiments, it was found that injections of gestagens suppressed the development of mammary glands, but did not regress completely.

After birth

The effect of hormones on the mammary glands does not stop even after the baby is born. Under the influence of estrogens, progesterone and prolactin, the breasts of a third of newborns become swollen. Half of them contain colostrum. This usually occurs on the 10th day, when the tissues are simultaneously exposed to the hormones of the mother and child. Swelling can persist for up to 10 months and is not considered pathological. The glands then go into a period of rest, which lasts until the onset of puberty.

Telarche

The average age of onset of puberty is 12 years. The onset of breast growth at 9 years of age is considered normal. These are the first changes that occur in a teenager’s body. In about a year you can expect your first menstruation. 13 years is considered the extreme age of Telarche.

Breast development may be one-sided. It is not known exactly why one breast grows and the other does not. But this asymmetry can persist for a long time. A difference of about 50 g is not considered a pathology. Often the left breast is more developed.

During adolescence, the difference between the right and left sides in most cases smoothes out. This usually takes 4 years. Therefore, in early adolescence at the age of 13, a girl of 17-19 years old has already formed mature breasts.

The Tanner scale is used to assess developmental stage:

• B1 - rest. The size of the gland is determined by palpation; it should not exceed 1 cm.
• B2 - the periosteum is enlarged and slightly elevated.
• B3 - the nipple becomes pigmented, and the growing breast protrudes beyond it.
• The increase in B4 glandular and fatty tissue gives the breast a balloon shape. A quarter of girls may not have this stage.
• B5 - the mammary gland completes its development; in profile it looks like a drop.

For most girls, this process is completed by age 17, and in some cases is delayed until age 18–21.

Stages of breast development according to the Tanner scale

Many factors can influence breast development:

• age;
• body shape;
• hormonal factors;
• genetics;
• Life style;
• eating habits.

Some of them can be influenced, while others cannot be corrected. Normal breast weight outside of pregnancy is 250-500 g. Hypoplasia is a slight change in this value.

Taking measurements

To get the right shopping guidelines, a mother must know how to determine her baby's size. A one-year-old toddler can be leaned against the doorway and a “notch” can be made with a pencil. It is best to measure infants in a supine position.

The child is undressed and laid on a flat surface. Take a tailor's centimeter and perform the following actions:

height is determined in a straight line by laying a meter from the top of the head to the toes;

Baby growth measurement

• The volume of the chest can be determined by stretching the tape around the body at the level of the armpits, across the shoulder blades;
• To determine the head circumference, a centimeter is placed above the ears, eyebrows, and the most convex part of the back of the head is captured.

During the first months, a newborn's feet are covered with booties. Then the need arises to buy shoes. To do this, you will have to determine your foot size by following a step-by-step algorithm:

• Place a sheet of paper on a hard, flat surface;
• place the baby’s foot and trace it with a pencil, holding it strictly perpendicular to the surface;
• Apply a ruler to the drawing and measure the distance from the heel to the edge of the big toe.

Measurements are also taken from the 2nd foot. In case of deviation from the size of the first leg, the maximum result is taken as a guide. If it is expressed as a decimal fraction, the number should be rounded up.

The resulting parameter can be used when purchasing socks for your baby. To determine the size of the sandals, you need to add another 5 mm.

Note! The described algorithm will help determine the size of summer shoes. For demi-season and winter models, measurements are taken from the leg, dressed in socks or sliders

It is important to be able to compare the markings of a Russian manufacturer with European ones. Fortunately, there are many tables that help you avoid making mistakes in determining clothing sizes based on the age, height, and chest volume of a newborn

Oh, what a gorgeous size...

Ask men what is the best female breast size. Believe me, all answers will be different. Some people like small breasts, while others' hearts skip a beat at the sight of a large and lush bust. It turns out that adapting to the preferences of the male sex is simply pointless: you won’t have an operation every time you change your admirer?

The norm is considered to be female breasts from size 1 to 5, so you need to focus on these indicators. You need to correctly determine your breast size like this:

• Using a measuring tape, take measurements along the convex parts of the chest (without any push-up);
• Measure the circumference under the bust. The lower points of the chest are measured; it is advisable not to tighten the measuring tape too much.

To find out your size, you need to subtract the smaller number from the larger number.

It is recommended to enlarge healthy breasts by no more than 2 sizes, since the area of ​​tissue required for high-quality coverage of implants is only sufficient for this volume. You can, of course, “swing” by 3-4 sizes, but then the implant will be noticeable, problems in the form of silicone “slipping”, etc. are possible.

If the breast undergoes reconstructive surgery, the surgeon will proceed from the previous volumes.

Big breasts

Standards for height and weight of children under 1 year of age

According to WHO developments, the height and weight table highlights the normal range for both boys and girls. The indicators “low” and “high” are a signal for parents that it is necessary to consult a doctor. If actual height or weight deviates significantly from the norm, this may be the result of a systemic disease or poor lifestyle - you must immediately consult a doctor and examine the child.

1. Table of normal growth for boys under 1 year (in centimeters)

2. Table of normal weight for boys under 1 year (in kilograms)

3. Table of growth norms for girls under 1 year (in centimeters)

4. Table of weight norms for girls under 1 year (in kilograms)

How to choose the right teenage bra?

So, let's understand the questions: how to choose the first bra for a girl and how does it differ from adult models?

The first thing you need to do before trying on is to decide on the size. For this:

1. Using a measuring tape, you must first measure the volume of your chest at the protruding points. In this case, the tape must be kept parallel to the floor line and not pinched: it should hug the body tightly, but not dig into it.
2. Then you need to measure the girth of the torso under the chest.
3. All that remains is to subtract the second from the first digit and remember this difference.

The sizes of all bras for teenagers have their own classification depending on the difference between the volume of the chest and the girth of the torso underneath, and the cup size:

1. If the difference varies from 10 to 12 cm, this is size zero or AA.
2. From 12 to 14 cm – size A.
3. From 14 to 16 cm – size B.
4. From 16 to 18 cm – size C.
5. From 18 to 20 cm – size D.

For example, if the volume under the bust is 70 cm, and the difference is 12, then you should choose a bra with 70 AA on the label. Sizes AA, A and B are the most suitable for teenage girls choosing a children's bra for the first time.

It happens that the breast is so small that there is no suitable size for it. In this case, it is better to choose models in the form of tops with supportive cups. This type of underwear allows the breasts to form correctly. But it’s better not to buy a bra with a push-up effect just yet. Visually, it will, of course, lift the chest and easily make a size three from a zero. But this can negatively affect breast development due to pressure on blood vessels and lymph nodes.

Unlike women's models, bras for teenagers are available only with side wires or without them at all. They are usually made of natural soft and breathable material and should perfectly follow the shape of the breast. Breast volume at this age increases rapidly, and the new clothes soon become tight. Therefore, both mother and daughter should be ready to buy a new bra in six months, or even earlier.

How to determine clothing size for children under 5 years old

Up to a certain age (4–5 years), boys and girls develop almost identically, so the sizes are determined based on the baby’s height, and a child under 2 years old should be measured with a flexible ruler (“centimeter”) from the top of the head to the heels in a lying position, and the older ones - leaning their backs against a flat vertical surface.

The number obtained after measurement will be the size of your child’s clothing, so when purchasing, you need to look on the tag for either an exact match or a larger number. Children grow rapidly, so, for example, if their height is 70 cm, then it is better to choose clothes for height 74.

Once the baby’s height is determined, you just need to find its correspondence to the size numbering in the lines of domestic and foreign brands.

Table of correspondence between domestic and imported clothing sizes for children under 5 years old

Different breasts: correction with lipofilling

Advantages of lipofilling for correction of breast asymmetry:

• the patient’s own fat cells are guaranteed not to cause allergies and will not be rejected by the body;
• a result that is natural in consistency and appearance;
• no traces of the operation performed;
• During the operation, the mammary gland is not injured at all;
• minimal invasiveness of the operation;
• short recovery period;
• lipofilling allows not only to correct breasts of different sizes, but also to improve the condition of the skin of the mammary glands.

Plastic surgery will allow you to forget about the problem of different breasts forever. You will be able to get closer to the standard of beauty invented by the ancient Greeks, but more importantly, you will have the opportunity to admire your reflection in the mirror, increase your chances of success in many areas, feel the desire to buy beautiful things, and feel more confident next to the man you love.